The resources are mostly for technology- or design-related  Canadian small businesses (some are applicable to other types of businesses as well).

SR&ED – government refund for companies doing research and development

http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/txcrdt/sred-rsde/menu-eng.html

OITC (Ontario Innovation Tax Credit) – rider to federal SR&ED

http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/forms/ct/pdf/0329f.pdf

Federal research programs and assistance

http://www.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/ic1.nsf/en/h_00162e.html

Export Market Access (EMA) is a cost-sharing grant designed to help small to medium sized organizations take advantage of opportunities in foreign markets beyond the US.

Federal Grants, Subsidies and Contributions Info-Guide with a special focus on entrepreneurs and start-ups

http://www.canadabusiness.ca/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=CBSC_ON/display&c=GuideInfoGuide&cid=1184729523117&lang=en

http://www.trra.ca/en/reports/BusinessPrograms.asp  – list of business programs in Canada and Ontario

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION (Ontario) http://www.mri.gov.on.ca/english/programs/mri.asp

Ontario Business Program Guide http://www.ontario.ca/businessprograms

http://www.2ontario.com/software/government_programs.asp - list of programs with summary information, so you don't have to check each link separately

City of Toronto incentive programs (plus a limited summary of others)

http://www.toronto.ca/invest-in-toronto/incentives.htm

Ontario New Technology Tax incentive (ONTTI) http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/credit/ONTTI/

Ontario Business Research Institute Tax Credit (OBRITC) http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/notices/ct/6024.html

Apprenticeship training tax credit

http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/credit/attc/index.html

Other Ontario tax incentives

http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/credit/index.html

Variety of tax incentives for the creative industries such as new media, film and television production, book publishing and sound recording –

http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/credit/